• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    APPLIANCE FOR DISPERSING WATER SOLUBLE POLYMER. An apparatus is described for dispersing a water-soluble polymer including a rotor equipped with knives, a fixed stator, over all or part of the periphery of the chamber, a ring fed by a secondary water circuit, characterized by the fact that the rotor knives and the stator are made of austenitic-ferritic stainless steel and where the stator comes in the form of a cylinder in the wall from which vertical slits produced at the height of said wall are cut, the slits having a width between 150 and 700 micrometers.
    公开号:BR112012017985B1
    申请号:R112012017985-3
    申请日:2011-02-08
    公开日:2020-10-27
    发明作者:Phillippe Jeronimo；Emmanuel Pich
    申请人:S.P.C.M. Sa.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] Polyacrylamides have been developed for over 60 years specifically for flocculation operations. However, since the 1973 oil crisis, polyacrylamides have been recognized as having considerable viscosity power enabling them to be used in improving oil recovery alone or in combination with surfactants and alkalis.
    [0002] It has been observed that polyacrylamides have the power to reduce friction in water or aqueous solution, a feature that means that large volumes of water can be pumped in the same equipment, by adding small amounts (30 to 500 ppm) of polymer, or that the energy consumed in pumping the same amount can be reduced.
    [0003] Friction reduction was discovered by BAToms in 1946 ("Toms' effect") and its use has been developed in the field of water transport or aqueous suspensions (water-oil mixture), in fracturing operations, and several water contact processes involving high consumption power (torpedoes, fire fighting, water jet cutting, etc.) DISSOLVING POLYACRYLAMIDS
    [0004] Although it is possible to use polyacrylamides in powder form in operations to reduce friction, dissolving it is relatively difficult. For standard powders with a particle size distribution below Imm the dissolution time is about one hour at a concentration of 5 grams per liter. It would therefore be necessary for significant uses to have large-scale equipment available requiring at one and the same time: a significant investment, a long commissioning period, an area of land incompatible with the movement of the equipment.
    [0005] This need to have a practically instant solution (less than 2 minutes, for example) has led users to switch to using polyacrylamides in the form of an emulsion that are capable of being dissolved, under appropriate conditions, in less than 2 minutes ( see patent application FR 0955555). However, environmental requirements, particularly in hydraulic fracturing operations, are causing emulsions that contain hydrocarbons and surfactants to be replaced by polymers in powder form that do not contain such components.
    [0006] The applicant for patent application PCT / EP2009 / 063961 describes a method of hydraulic fracturing that employs a piece of equipment to quickly dissolve a water-soluble powdered polymer known as "PSU", the equipment is also being described by the applicant in WO 2008/107492.
    [0007] By crushing the polyacrylamide in a PSU of this type, it is possible to reduce the dissolution time to about 15 minutes, in concentrations between 10 and 20 grams per liter. In addition, the compact nature of the installation allows it to be used in mobile truck structures. PSU (Polymer Slicing Unit)
    [0008] The PSU described in patent application WO 2008/107492 is a piece of industrial equipment that rotates at a low industrial speed (3,000 to 4,500 revolutions per minute) thus offering considerable longevity, especially in oil or fracturing operations.
    [0009] The reliability of the equipment is an important point. For example, stopping the introduction of polymers in a fracturing operation can cause the production of gas in the well by blocking the used sand by decanting.
    [0010] The PSU basically comprises: A cone to moisten the powdered polymer, connected to a primary water inlet circuit, A chamber to grind the dispersed polymer, including a rotor associated with a stator, On the periphery of the chamber, a ring powered by a secondary water circuit that sprays pressurized water and unclogs the stator blades.
    [0011] The stator comprises custom tungsten carbide plates or blades mounted by means of spacers in a peripheral ring.
    [0012] Patent documents US 6,000,840, US 5,156,344 and FR 2777804 A1 disclose a stator ring comprising a plurality of openings. The US 5,156,344 stator ring is surrounded with a restrictor comprising the same number of openings as the main stator ring. The position of this restrictor can be adjusted to fully open or close the stator ring openings. None of these documents mention the width of the openings.
    [0013] The rotor includes bolted or welded tungsten carbide plates to reduce wear during these operations.
    [0014] Although this system is mechanically effective, there are two limitations: it is difficult to bring the stator plates to less than 500 microns of each other since the very thin spacers do not have the requirement for mechanical strength, the connecting material ( cobalt or nickel) do not have sufficient corrosion resistance, particularly in the oil industry, where the pumped brines contain very large amounts of salts (up to 200,000 ppm) and hydrogen sulphite.
    [0015] The problem that the invention proposes to solve is, therefore, to improve the construction of the PSU thus allowing: finer grinding with practically instantaneous use of the polymer solution as obtained with emulsions, greater resistance to corrosion, maintaining the shelf life of stator and rotor, use of equipment for many polymers, such as polyacrylamide, high molecular weight polyethylene oxide, xanthan or sclerogucan gum, guar gum, etc.
    [0016] The Applicant noted that these 4 objectives were achieved through the use, for the manufacture of the rotor and stator, stainless steels, and particularly the so-called "super duplex" austeno-ferritic or austenitic steels that have a hardened surface (vacuum nitriding) , "kolsterisation") and have a high mechanical strength and strong corrosion resistance in combination with the use, in the stator, not of custom blades, but of slits produced directly on a ring.
    [0017] In other words, the object of the invention is a device for dispersing a water-soluble polymer with a standard size particle distribution below 1 millimeter comprising: - a wetting cone in which the polymer is measured, said cone being connected to a primary water inlet circuit, - at the bottom end of the cone: - a dispersed polymer grinding and draining chamber comprising: - a rotor driven by an engine and equipped with knives optionally inclined in relation to the rotor radius, - a stator, ° over all or part of the periphery of the chamber, a ring fed by a secondary water circuit, the ring communicating with the chamber for the spraying of water under pressure to the stator
    [0018] The apparatus is characterized by the rotor knives at least partially, and the stator, being made of stainless steel selected from austenitic-ferritic or austenitic stainless steels and treated by vacuum nitriding or carbon diffusion and by the fact of the stator come in the form of a cylinder on the wall from which vertical slits produced at the height of said wall are arranged, the slits having a minimum width of 150 micrometers, and advantageously between 150 and 700 micrometers.
    [0019] In a preferred embodiment, the slits are between 10 and 50 mm in height and are located equidistant from the upper and lower edges of the cylinder. Where a large gap is involved, they will be cut into 2, 3 or 4 parts.
    [0020] According to another characteristic, the slits are evenly spaced from each other by a distance between 10 and 50 mm. In a particular embodiment, the inner walls of the slits are angled to create cutting edges in each slot.
    [0021] According to the invention, the rotor and stator can be made of different materials.
    [0022] In a first embodiment, they are made of vacuum-nitrided austenitic stainless steel 304L or 316L but with performance and longevity rates below austeno-ferritic steels.
    [0023] In a preferred embodiment, they are made of austenitic-ferritic steel containing at least 20% by weight of Cr and at least 5% by weight of Ni.
    [0024] Among the austeno-ferritic stainless steels can be distinguished the so-called "duplex" steels containing about 22% by weight of Cr and about 5% by weight of Ni and the so-called "super duplex" steels containing between 24 and 26 wt% Cr and 6 to 8 wt% Ni.
    [0025] According to an improved embodiment, austeno-ferritic steels are "kolsterised", in other words, treated by carbon diffusion, as explained below.
    [0026] Advantageously, the selected austeno-ferritic steel has one of the following two compositions:

    [0027] The mechanical properties of these steels are much superior to stainless steel 304L or 316L and are as follows:

    [0028] Tungsten carbide has mechanical characteristics superior to those of the super duplex class, but those of the super duplex class are sufficiently high in relation to the hardness of the polyacrylamide grain to allow a great longevity of the rotors and stators.
    [0029] Furthermore, after machining, the super duplex or duplex can be treated in order to increase the surface hardness by 'kolsterising' over a thickness of 20 to 30 microns, without damaging the corrosion resistance and without changing the geometry parts and reach Rm greater than 1000.
    [0030] Kolsterisation® treatment is a method for modifying the surface of the stainless steel structure. It comprises a large amount of carbon diffusion from the surface to the center of the material, without adding external elements and without chromium carbide manufacture. This treatment is applied in gas phase and at low temperature and can be used to treat any form including cracks, such as those in PSU. This treatment is effective up to temperatures of 300 ° C and pH above 2. This method allows resistance to fatigue and corrosion, elimination of seizure, very high hardness rates, maintaining non-magnetism.
    [0031] It is quite evident that super duplex is the most resistant material, but it is possible, as already said, to use duplex steels with 20% chromium or stainless steel standard 304L or 316L vacuum-nitrided, but with a performance and rates of inferior longevity.
    [0032] As already said, the PSU construction is difficult with plate gaps of less than 500 microns, it was necessary to use another technology for a very fine grinding of the polymer.
    [0033] For the stator, a choice was made to use a ring or cylinder with the same internal diameter, such as the PSU in which slits are cut with a more recent generation water jet cut capable of forming slits with a width minimum of 150 microns with a single jet and any other width with a double jet. This stator must have a high level of rigidity and has the advantage of at least 10mm up to 20mm in thickness so as not to lose cutting precision. In addition, it is possible with high-precision waterjet equipment to make tapered cuts that allow better ejection of the ground polymer.
    [0034] In practice, the cut is made using a cutting machine with a high pressure water jet containing an abrasive, at a pressure between 2,000 x 105 and 5,000 x 105 Pa, and preferably between 3,000 x 105 and 4,000 x 105 Pan.
    [0035] A small thickness is obviously possible, but it causes distortions and fractures in the medium term, particularly as a function of the inevitable irritation caused by grinding the polymer.
    [0036] Cutting can also be carried out by laser, but over a small thickness, but the thermal effect creates permanent distortions and rough spots in the cracks to cut, making it mandatory to fill the part after cutting.
    [0037] The number of slots in the stator varies according to its diameter. In practice, it is between 50 and 300.
    [0038] According to a basic feature of the invention, the rotor knives are at least partially made of vacuum-treated or austeno-ferritic "kolsterised" stainless steel or austenitic stainless steel.
    [0039] In a first embodiment, the rotor comprises a conveyor on the surface of which the knives are formed by grinding. In this case, the rotor is made entirely from one of the materials mentioned above.
    [0040] In a second embodiment, the rotor comprises a machined conveyor made from one of the materials previously described to which tungsten carbide or heat-treated stainless steel plates are added.
    [0041] In both cases, maintenance can be applied to recover the rotor-stator distances by machining the interior of the stator to a larger diameter. Regarding the rotor, it is possible to: * Or change the plates to adapt to the new diameter, * Or load the solder of the solid rotor which is then rotated to give the necessary cutting diameter.
    [0042] The rotor is equipped with between 2 and 20 knives, and with mechanical advantage between 4 and 12. However, depending on the diameter of the rotor, the number of knives can vary. As an example, it is 9 for a 200mm rotor diameter
    [0043] In addition, and according to another characteristic, the knives can be more or less inclined in relation to the radius of the rotor. Advantageously, this inclination is between 1 and 15 °, and preferably between 2 and 10 °.
    [0044] To allow effective grinding, the distance separating the rotor knives from the stator blades is between 50 and 300 microns and, preferably between 100 and 200 microns, in practice, about 100 microns.
    [0045] Obviously, reducing the width of the slits reduces the flow of dust and water from each device that can be partially restored by increasing the rotor speed to the industrial limit of 4,500 revolutions per minute.
    [0046] As already mentioned, the stator design allows the polymer to be finely ground in relation to the device described in WO 2008/107492 where the space between each personalized blade could not, in practice, be less than 500 micrometers without a very significant reduction in the longevity of the device.
    [0047] In other words, another object of the invention is the use of the apparatus to dissolve the invention in an installation for the implementation of a method of hydraulic fracturing of an oil or gas well, of improved oil recovery, flocculation, preparation of cosmetic solutions or household products. It is also possible to significantly reduce the number of parts to be machined and the complexity of assembly.
    [0048] For all these methods, even if the dissolution is not complete in the injection, it can occur in the few tens of seconds after the injection, either directly in the tube, or in the mixture to be treated.
    [0049] The invention and the resulting advantages will become clearer from the following examples supported by the attached figures. Figure 1 is a schematic side view of the apparatus of the invention. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along line AA '. Figure 31 is a view of the rotor of the apparatus of the invention according to a first embodiment. Figure 42 is a view of the rotor of the device of the invention according to a second embodiment. Figure 5 is a view of the stator of the apparatus of the invention described in WO 2008/107492. Figure 6 is the view of the stator according to the apparatus of the invention.
    [0050] According to figure 1, the apparatus of the invention comprises: a moistening cone (1) connected at its top in a column (2) measuring the standard particle size distribution polymer, more often than not. from a dosing screw, the cone (1) being connected at its bottom in a primary water inlet circuit (3) that feeds an overflow (4); at the lower end of the cone, an assembly (5) comprising: ° a grinding and draining chamber (6) (figure 2) of the dispersed polymer comprising: * a rotor (7) driven by a motor (8) equipped with knives ( 9), * a stator (10), ° over all or part of the periphery of the chamber, a ring (11) fed by a secondary water circuit (12), the ring (11) communicating with the chamber (6) via slots (13) for spraying pressurized water onto the stator (10).
    [0051] In figure 3.1, the rotor of the device of the invention has been shown. Figure 3.1 a is an expanded view of the rotor denoted by the general reference (7), while figure 3.1 b is a view of the finished part.
    [0052] The rotor includes a corrosion resistant composite transport disc (14) on which 9 inclined knives (15) made of super duplex are ground with the following composition:

    [0053] The knives (15) are protected by a bush (16) added to the upper part of them.
    [0054] In figures 3.2 (a) and 3.2 (b), an alternative construction of the rotor has been shown. It includes a machined rotary charger (14) made of stainless steel (super duplex, 304, 316) to which the plates (15-1) made of tungsten carbide or heat-treated stainless steel are attached.
    [0055] In figure 4, the stator has been shown how it is implemented in the PSUs described in WO 2008/107492, now commercially viable. As shown in figure 4a, the stator (17) is installed, separated from the gaskets (18) with basically 4 elements, respectively: a lower bushing (19), an upper bushing (20), a central grooved ring (21) supporting the plates (22), The stator as (23) consist of personalized blades (24) made of tungsten carbide, separated by spacers, partially ground (18) and not shown.
    [0056] The bushings (19) and (20) are associated with each other so that, in combination with the part (21), the blades (24) can be held in position.
    [0057] In figure 5 the stator according to the invention has been shown. This stator, denoted by the general reference (26), comprises a single piece of thickness equal to 10 mm, provided with slits (29) made with a unitary water jet at a very high pressure (3000 x 105 to 4000 x 105 Pa) . The width of each slot is 200 microns. As shown in the figure, the slits are distributed equidistant from the upper and lower edges of the cylinder (28). The separation distance of each slot is 300 microns.
    [0058] Part (28) is made according to the invention out of super duplex with the following composition:

    [0059] All the dimensional characteristics of the PSU rotor and stator of the state of the art and the PSU of the invention, as well as the operating characteristics that allow the polymer to dissolve are given in the following table: Table 1:


    [0060] Therefore, it is possible incidentally with such equipment to dissolve tanks normally, necessary to dissolve polyacrylamides in powder forms to be eliminated and for the polymer to be injected directly.
    [0061] In particular, in fracturing operations, the polymers are mixed in a mixer for a period between 1 and 2 minutes, caught by a centrifugal pump to supply the triplex pump that injects the fractured mixture. Mixing times are sufficient to allow for such online operation.
    [0062] The size of the devices using this technology can be modular (100, 300, 600, 1200 kg / hour). This type of equipment can obviously be used: For polymers of different compositions such as high molecular weight polyethylene oxides, xanthan or scleroglucan gums, guar gum etc. For other uses such as flocculation with online dissolution, improved oil recovery, constitution of cosmetic solutions or products for the home. With powders of different particle size distributions preventing the formation of fish eyes in the dispersion.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [0001]
    1. Apparatus for dispersing water-soluble polymer with a particle size distribution pattern below 1 millimeter comprising: a wetting cone (1) in which the polymer is measured, said cone being connected to a primary water inlet circuit (3), at the lower end of the cone: - a grinding and draining chamber (6) of the dispersed polymer comprising: - a rotor (7) driven by a motor (8) and equipped with knives (9, 15) inclined in relation to to the rotor radius, - a stator (10, 23) fixed, ° over all or part of the periphery of the chamber, a ring (11) fed by a secondary water circuit (12), the ring (11) communicating with the chamber (6) to ensure that pressurized water is sprayed towards the stator (10, 23), characterized in that the knives (9, 15) of the rotor (7) at least partially, and the stator (10, 23) are made of a stainless steel selected from austenitic-ferritic or austenitic stainless steels and treated by vacuum nitriding or by carbon diffusion and where the stator (10, 23) comes in the form of a cylinder in the wall from which vertical slits (13) are cut under part of the height of said wall, the slits with a width between 150 and 700 micrometers.
    [0002]
    2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator (10, 23) is cut by cutting with a very high pressure water jet containing an abrasive, at a pressure between 200 and 500 MPa, and preferably between 300 and 400 MPa.
    [0003]
    Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that austeno-ferritic stainless steel contains 22% by weight of Cr and 5% by weight of Ni.
    [0004]
    4. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the austeno-ferritic stainless steel has one of the following two compositions:
    [0005]
    5. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the knives (9, 15) of the rotor (7) and the stator (10, 23) are further treated by diffusing carbon from the surface towards the center of the material .
    [0006]
    Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (7) comprises a conveyor on the surface where the knives (9, 15) are formed by grinding, the entire unit being made of said stainless steel.
    [0007]
    Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (7) comprises a machined conveyor made of austenitic-ferritic or austenitic steel treated by vacuum nitriding or carbon diffusion to which plates (15-1) are added made of tungsten carbide or heat-treated stainless steel.
    [0008]
    Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the slots (13) of the stator (10, 23) are evenly spaced from each other by a distance between 10 and 50 mm.
    [0009]
    9. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance that separates the knives (9, 15) from the rotor (7) from the slots (13) in the stator (10, 23) is between 50 and 300 microns and, preferably between 100 and 200 microns, even more preferably 100 microns.
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    2017-12-05| B08F| Application dismissed because of non-payment of annual fees [chapter 8.6 patent gazette]|
    2018-01-30| B08G| Application fees: restoration [chapter 8.7 patent gazette]|
    2018-04-10| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-01-29| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|
    2019-10-15| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-04-07| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-10-27| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 08/02/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1051099|2010-02-16|
    FR1051099|2010-02-16|
    PCT/FR2011/050262|WO2011107683A1|2010-02-16|2011-02-08|Improved apparatus for dispersing a water-soluble polymer|
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